2012: Between Critical and Visionary Thinking

My new book 2012: Decoding the Countercultural Apocalypse is the first interdisciplinary collection of scholarly analyses of the 2012 phenomenon. The book kicks off with an introduction from Michael Coe, who some argue started off the whole story in his 1966 book The Maya. It then goes on to chart what we know from the context of the Maya (Robert K. Sitler and Mark Van Stone), the cultural roots of esoteric and stigmatized 2012 thought (John. W. Hoopes and Pete Lentini), how 2012 employs pseudoscience (Kristine Larsen), a reading of Roland Emmerich’s 2012 (Andrea Austin), and an exploration of psy-trance as a vehicle for 2012 (Graham St John). The book concludes with a chapter from John Major Jenkins who writes about how he finds his work to be misrepresented by academic critics. My own contribution to the book looks at how 2012 is imagined down under, within the context of Australia and New Zealand.
The big question, of course, is why do we need yet another book about 2012? For me, it is about creating a space in 2012 discourse that is representative of what I perceive to be the truth. This is not as easy as it sounds, as for years I have found approaches to 2012 either too flaky or too skeptical. I never feel as if I belong in any particular camp when discussing 2012. Further still, I am continually surprised at the responses I receive to my position: for example, at the Atheist Society where I expected my “critical thinking” talk to be warmly accepted, I was publicly called a “parasite” for not denouncing the whole 2012 phenomenon as a dangerous cult; at the “new age” MindBodySpirit Festival, where I expected the same talk to be met with some hostility, a woman came up to me and said she wished I could be cloned so everyone could hear my balanced message.
And it is balance that is the elusive element, and the key to balance is honesty. What I find missing in most popular 2012 books is honesty, or, to be more accurate, honesty about the type of statements that are being made. For example, it bothers me greatly that various 2012 writers have used and abused indigenous cultures on their 2012 journey. Numerous indigenous “prophecies” cited in 2012 books are simply not true: they are either made up or gross misrepresentations of a genuine prophecy. Similarly, one finds all manner of statements in 2012 books about solar and astronomical activity that is allegedly supported by NASA, when in fact NASA has spent a good deal of effort refuting pseudoscientific claims about such things.
That’s not to say that there are not interesting and important things to be learned through such statements, simply that they have to be appropriately framed. Such statements are speculative, metaphorical or poetic. But they are not facts, and they are not research, and to present them as such exposes the author either as inept or dishonest. This becomes even trickier to navigate when different categories of statement are made on the same pages. One might read of an individual who believes they are a reincarnation of some Mesoamerican deity who will usher in a new world order, and then a few paragraphs later about some practical strategy for making the world a better place: When critics point to the problematic nature of the former statement, apologists point to the very reasonable nature of the latter statement. And so the game of categorical cat and mouse continues, which ultimately does no justice to the real value of visionary thinking.
Equally, there is dishonesty amongst the 2012 writings that seek solely to debunk. This Richard Dawkins-type worldview rightly exposes the false nature of the “facts” that are presented in popular 2012 writings, but completely misses the fact that there are different forms of meaning in operation. It is entirely possible, for example, to reject the fanciful facts surrounding 2012 while taking very seriously the existential ultimate concerns that underpin many people’s interest in 2012. And of course, it is entirely possible to see those fanciful facts not as verifiable in any traditional sense, but as creative endeavors mobilized in a process of meaning-making in this wild ride that is life. To miss that “fact” ultimately does no justice to the real value of critical thinking.
So it was my aim with 2012: Decoding the Countercultural Apocalypse to strike some balance between visionary and critical thinking. From the outside, this may appear significantly weighted towards critical thinking. Certainly, there are one or two chapters that operate in debunking mode. Equally, there are several chapters that are simply seeking to read 2012 as a cultural artifact. There are also one or two chapters that are supportive of the way 2012 is engaged by some constituencies.
No doubt there are plenty of people involved with both Reality Sandwich and the academy who believe they have the visionary/critical balance right; however, I simply do not see much evidence. To reiterate, I have found approaches to 2012 either too flaky or too skeptical. On my journey to 2012 I have found the task of keeping visionary and critical thinking in productive tension a difficult but necessary task, and I believe it is only through this process that we will manifest the kind of change that most of us wish to see
Teaser image by Abode of Chaos, courtesy of Creative Commons license.
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Points of view...
Interview with Joseph Gelfer
Thanks for your kind words, Drew. My discussions with DP date back to November 2002 or so in the Breaking Open the Head discussion forums, including a post (#15 in the thread on "The Return of Quetzalcoatl" on 11-23-2004) shortly after the "transmission" that was featured in DP's second book. I've been following the unfolding of the "2012 phenomenon" for a while now.
There's a nice interview with Joseph Gelfer about "2012: Decoding the Countercultural Apocalypse" on the Sacred Tribes Journal website:
http://www.sacredtribesjournal.org/stj/
There have been many good discussions about 2012-related topics in the Year 2012 tribe on Tribe.net, though things have slowed down a bit with the expansion of other social media. The discussions there also date back to 2004 and a great deal can be learned from revisiting the archives.
http://2012.tribe.net
Needless to say, it has been fascinating to watch how this topic has developed over time.
I've very grateful to Joseph for having done the hard work to conceptualize this book, select the contributors, and bring it into the world. Unfortunately, publication took much longer than we expected. (The MS. was mostly complete by December 2009.) You can tell from the price that the book is not going to be a mass-market bestseller. Most people will probably have to look for it in university libraries or find excerpts on Google Books and other online sources. There are no plans to produce an ebook and I've been told a paperback edition will not appear for about 18 months. However, we think the scholarship is solid and hope it will be a useful contribution to academic discourse for many years to come.
Fortean Times
Thanks John.
Folks might also be interested in the new issue of Fortean Times where both John and I highlight some of the issues from the book (still not online, unfortunatey):
http://www.forteantimes.com/front_website/themag/
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Interesting and congratulations on your book. Sparks immense curiosity.
For example, about your sense of the 'dangers' of cults, as alluded to in ref to Atheist Society -- and who/what Atheist Society?
(Also, the brief mention of expectations about reception you touched on --intriguing notes sounded)
In context here, I assume 'cults' would refer to these exclusive, 'cult leader' based spiritual groups, types of NRMs (New Religious Movements as termed in academese). A pattern we've seen proliferate in the post 1960's, post-psychedelic era. I.e., inspirational groups organized around and devoted to some leader or charismatic icon with a certain type message. Some of which have made dire, even shocking, headlines -- saran gas attacks in subways, 'mass suicides' like (Jonestown, Heaven's Gate - ETC).
Events and circumstances orbiting the 'cult' word (in this context) have drawn wide attention, tripping general concern and questions. Not so much 'do you think the 2012 date will be the eschaton?' More as to issues for society, "us and ours" -- critical interests of what's going on (something happening here)? At least, in the minds of many, if not all.
Of course, I'm sure the Heaven's Gators (for example) weren't so concerned about "your son, your daughter" drawn in, with whatever fallout. I trust their interest was well taken up by cosmic matters of more ultimate meaning. Against which, 'friends and family' or relationships right here and now, may be held trivial, 'human drama' to be transcended -- or obstacles to transcendance, ties that bind 'in wrong way'; rather than our daily bread, the meat and potatoes of our mortal condition, human reality (or whatever).
Likewise, many beckoned by 2012 (in some ways at least) may not have in mind or entertain type questions I realize, reading your article. That's among reasons I wonder what this atheist society you allude to has in mind. Kina wish they were here to speak from their pov, reply or respond. See what they got to say for themselves 'in their own words ...' whoever they be.
Reading your interesting piece I also wondered: how might Wm James' distinction, religion of 'healthy mindedness' vs 'sick soul' -- apply to a concept of 'visionary thinking'? As opposed to 'critical thinking'? Per your theme.
Could there be a crucial difference between 'healthy' visionary thinking, and 'unhealthy'? The latter (presumably) raising issues such as an atheist society might have in mind, in reference to 'dangerous cults'?
Among foundations of my curiosity here, is Festinger's famous study, relative to apocalyptic predictionizing, WHEN PROPHECY FAILS. What would a healthy balance consist or look like, between critical thinking (keeping that phrase) -- and 'visionary thinking'? Specifically, along lines of inspirational messages (a la "Everything You Know is Wrong!"), 'eye opening' revelations of impending Drastic Transformation, End-of-World, End-of-History, as in 2012 etc. Especially, sourced to a Logos of some other oracular voice in someone's head? At least, as according to an astounding 'mind-blowing' story, told with an air of earnest veracity, hyper-sincere tone. The better for awestruck listeners to go 'wow' and heed.
And, as often - based on 'facts' that aren't factual; nor even intelligible in what they assert, taken at face value. it seems mere honesty is held frivolous, secondary -- when a message of cosmic over-arching scope and scale takes precedence. I seldom see that cited as a factor of concern or issue, glad you did that. Insofar as it doesn't help advance falsity, seems like honesty is disconstrued (if i may) -- like a red herring of 'physicalism' (declared null and void), or a hobgoblin of 'closed' i.e. critically unpersuaded inquiring minds - the type that want to know.
I've noticed some things along such lines too; like 'values obfuscation' (as opposed to clarification) if one might speak of such. Many things ...
Thought-provoking article, interesting. As is the milieu of 2012ism; and a whole tapestry of related preoccupations, many psychedelia-related, patterned along fault lines of society and our times -- encompassing personal to political, secular to spiritual dimensions, individual and collective.
Seems 2012ism and such couldn't quite be defined as 'cults' due to lack of any such formal structure, organization. But in common, I find such pop 'fringe' preoccupations do express a 'community' aspect, often espouse such. A fairly sharp rhetorical line drawn, of Us (as opposed to Them).
Likewise, impression: 2012 messages/'theories' and etc do often raise profound (even troubling?) questions I find, along psychosocial lines, viz. Festinger. Not in terms of their substance -- like, whether we believe the prophecy (the world or history etc, is gonna change radically maybe even end on a certain date)? Nor whether its true ("possibly") what 'the indigenous peoples' have widely predicted ... no, as you right note its not true or even honest.
And not even untrue as a matter of some ancient prophecy being wrong. Rather -- one of fallacious citation to something purported as such, pinned on other cultures.
Reality-questions I find emerging here have to do, rather, with consequences and fallout. How exactly do such themes or messages ("This Changes Everything;" or will - "possibly") work, in effect? With their urgent direction of interest to questions they ask us -- whether you believe or I believe its true; or 'could be' (unless we're so 'closed-minded' etc etc ...)? Versus other questions we might realize for ourselves and ask, as self-directed (with or without approval of whoever else).
What are the costs and benefits of 2012ism and such, as it were? What do such interests bode in toto; and how do they operate socially, culturally and psychologically -- on those of us compelled by them in whatever way. Especially as ends that justify means, in directions our attention may not often be called to -- directions that some of us (not all) look closely, for various reasons.
Again congratulations on your book. (Drew's right, Hoopes a plus for your book, very well-informed source, authoritative)
The Atheist Delusion
Thanks for your thoughts. The Atheist Society in question was the branch in Melbourne, Australia. Yes, they had assumed and NRM-like danger to 2012, which is rather sensationalist (although true in some circumstances). Any time I hear the word "cult" I immediately assume the conversation is being regulated by the user.
I'm not aware of the "healthy" vs "sick" model of visionary thinking, but will look into it. The danger is a similar regulation on behalf of what is "sick", but then you could say the same about my use of "honest". These are complex issues of knowledge production and regulation (from many points of the spectrum), and it is useful for everyone to get an idea of this, if not a full understanding of its operation.
Thanks and agreed
Issues and question I recognize are incredibly complex, as you note rightly, I think.
Not only words like "cult" (and "honest" in your usage, as you forthrightly allow); I'd consider "sensationalist" and "NRM" (etc) as well. I think they all go to that question of "regulation" you cite. It could do with more light of reasoned discussion, I'd think.
The "healthy" vs "sick" distinction, I borrow from James' chapter titles in VARIETIES OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE. Hard to conceive you're not well-versed in that work; Unless I misunderstand. I'd suggest no exemption for Melbourne; same theoretical lens might be turned on "militant" i.e. aggressive (anti-religion) atheism as its long been termed; current forms, so-called New Atheism.
Seems to me, peeling back 2012ism's layers ultimately exposes a bedrock of values, as ground of meaning (including its production, regulation, etc.). Most specifically as pertains to our human condition, how we assess it. Blessing or curse?
Is our humanity something to embrace and treasure "warts and all"? Or is it more of a wretched burden than "mixed blessing"? Is it primarily the source of 'man's inhumanity to man' -- something we can maybe escape, with 'good riddance' -- for a transhuman future we might fondly dream of? Unless such would prove to be a nightmare when we get there, in that eventuality?
The ultimacy of values as outer limit of the 2012 landscape, is also driven home by a sort of oil/water meniscus I find for discussion -- namely, an apparent opposition of concerns embedded in semantic issue: 'NRM' vs 'cult.' I find the academic preference for the former expresses primary concern about stigmatization of innocent 'deviant / fringe' interests; whereas the latter goest to issues of manipulation and exploitation, anti-social and psychological fallout (a la cognitive dissonance, cultural impact even violence, etc). What is more important, how and why -- and to whom?
The phraseology of "ties that bind" -- in affirmation of home and hearth social bonds and humanity -- is almost too close for comfort to a phrase of opposite undertow: "chains that shackle" -- keeping us down here on the ground as it were, seeing birds fly over the rainbow and wondering with anguish -- why oh why, can't we do that?
Again, thanks for your reply.
The tide of events
I think 2012 can be used somewhat like New Year's resolution. It can be a goal, an objective, something to focus attention on positive change. It becomes something to motivate us to take action - to change the political and economic structure, and more importantly to change ourselves. This is something that requires action on our part and not something that happens automatically.
Many, however, believe in the "prophecy". They think it will happen whether we take action or not. These will be the ones that will be swept along by the tide of events. And if enough refuse to take action, we will all be swept by that tide.
Jim Cross
http://www.broadspeculations.com
I am silent
2012 - a powerful meme
Joseph, I'm glad your book is finally out as it's been recommended to me a few times (although it costs a staggering £51 in the UK!) If nothing else, 2012 is a powerful meme - a focal point for anyone’s hopes, fears and anxieties about the near-future. I think it's also a 'Holy Blood and the Holy Grail' for the 21st century - a unified theory of everything for esotericists. Because it represents some kind of 'end time', all points and theories converge there. Personally, I'm interested in exploring the *cultural* impact of 2012, which I do here: http://blackroadproject.com, via a bunch of creative, fictional responses to the 2012 phenomenon.
£51...
Thanks. Yes, sorry about the cost. Originally, this was going to be hard and soft back at the same time, but the publisher strategy shifted. Perhaps there can be an underground sharing circle :)
I'll check out your link.
Thank you, Joseph Gelfer - and review-essay
I very much appreciate Joseph Gelfer’s approach to his anthology, which he emphasized in this RS article. The dialectic between critical/academic and visionary approaches to 2012 (and Maya culture and cosmology in general) is an unavoidable reality of the topic. This is because the Maya worldview partakes of visionary, shamanistic, and metaphysical themes that are common to all humanity, and modern writers will slice into those things, drawing from Maya worldview, in a variety of ways.
My own work has always held this dialectic to be important, as can be seen from the subtitle of my 1992 book Tzolkin: Visionary Perspectives and Calendar Studies. In that book, I discussed the role of the visionary myth-maker. I quoted that section in my recent book The 2012 Story (p. 103). I pointed out that visionary myth-makers, like Arguelles, can play an important role during cultural times of transition. I also pointed out that such an endeavor easily slips into cultic model-making and evangelizing of idiosyncratic systems that have little to do with the real beliefs of the sources it draws from (in this case, the Maya calendar).
My framework of approach to “the visionary” within the Maya/2012 discussion has come to emphasize that for any “visionary myth-making” to be effective it must acknowledge and draw from the universal and perennial principles that are found at the inner root of all traditions. Thus, for many years my work has de-emphasized, and even critiqued, the free-form inventive model-making that typifies the 2012 marketplace, and instead I have elucidated and emphasized the wisdom teachings of the Perennial Philosophy. As such, a major part of my work, still retained in the two-part structure of my book The 2012 Story (2009), is to language the perennial wisdom principles found within Maya traditions such as the sacred ballgame, king-making rites, and the Maya Creation Myth.
In regard to period endings such as 2012, it is easy to identify the universal practice that the ancient and modern Maya apply to period-endings. We can also see this same “practice” or principle within global spiritual traditions. It is simply this: a proactive transformation & renewal is best effected by the act of consciously sacrificing attachment to the illusions that continue to sustain the previous, now-defunct mode of being. This principle applies equally to transitions in a person’s life, as we grow through life’s stages, and to the cycle transitions within the World Age doctrine that is evident in pre-Conquest Mesoamerican cosmology. This is why we still see Maya ceremonialists performing rituals of fire sacrifice at period-endings in the 260-day calendar.
In my work, this perennial ideological component goes hand-in-hand with the astronomical component of my 2012 reconstruction --- the solstice-galaxy alignment that many scholars and astronomers continue to misunderstand. The first part of my article in Gelfer’s anthology addresses misconceptions held by scholarly critics. It’s amazing that several of the contributors to the anthology maintain those misconceptions, despite my best efforts over the last two decades to clarify their under-informed and flawed perspectives. For those interested in going deeper into this topic, my review-essay of the Gelfer anthology is here: http://www.update2012.com/Gelferanthology.pdf
A good interview that I did last year was with C.S. Soong on “Against the Grain”, KPFA Berkeley. Audio is here: http://johnmajorjenkins.com/interview-on-against-the-grain-kpfa-berkeley
The second part of my article in Gelfer’s anthology presents my research on the Tortuguero “2012” text. My article was written over two years ago, and now there are new discoveries to add, which resulted from my visit to the Tortuguero monument in Mexico in March 2011. My report on my findings, and a series of articles including one that addresses the hoopla over the alleged “2012” inscription on the Comalcalco brick, can be found at http://thecenterfor2012studies.com. Video of the tour that The Maya Conservancy sponsored, to bring Maya Spiritual Guides to Izapa, can be seen at http://johnmajorjenkins.com. A limited edition of my latest book, “Lord Jaguar’s 2012 Inscriptions,” is here: http://alignment2012.com/LJ2012-booklet.html.
Again, many thanks to Joseph Gelfer for facilitating this important and much needed anthology, which moves the 2012 discussion forward.
John Major Jenkins
http://Alignment2012.com
http://the2012story.com
http://Update2012.com
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Thanks John
Carnival 2012
Nice